Animation Basics

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{{Title|Animation Basics}}
 
{{Title|Animation Basics}}
 
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== Introduction ==
 
== Introduction ==
 +
Creating an animation in Synfig Studio is really easy. It basically means to change a drawing &mdash; you just need to create the first stage and last stage of a change, and Synfig takes care of the steps in between.
  
−
Creating an animation in Synfig is really easy: It basically means to change a drawing - you just need to create the first stage and last stage of a change, and Synfig will take care of the steps in between.
+
Let's look at a simple example. Consider a moving light like the one at the front of the Knight Rider car. Drop the realism, you get a circle moving from left to right and back. In other words, you need to create three 'steps' or 'stages':
−
 
+
−
Let´s see a simple example. Consider a moving light like the one at the front of the Knight Rider car. Drop the realism, you get a circle moving from left to right and back. In other words, you need to create three 'steps' or 'stages':
+
  
 
# The circle is on the left.
 
# The circle is on the left.
 
# The circle is on the right.
 
# The circle is on the right.
 
# The circle is back on the left.
 
# The circle is back on the left.
−
 
−
Let's do it.
 
  
 
== Setting up the workspace ==
 
== Setting up the workspace ==
  
−
Start Synfig Studio, and create a new file. Click the 'caret' menu (between the horizontal and vertical rules, in the top left hand corner of the canvas), then "Edit" and then "Properties".  A dialog called 'Properties' will appear.  Give your new file a name and a description, and then click "Apply" (don't click "Save" yet -- we're not quite done with the 'Properties' dialog).  Make sure to edit 'End Time'. The strange looking '0f' will change to a more familiar presentation as soon as you click it. Set this to 2 seconds.
+
Let's do it. Start Synfig Studio. A new file is created at the start automatically . Click the {{l|Canvas Menu Caret|caret menu}} (between the horizontal and vertical rules, in the top left hand corner of the canvas), then select {{c|Canvas|Properties}} or select {{c|Canvas|Properties}} from the menu. The {{l|Canvas_Properties_Dialog}} will appear.
  
−
{{l|Image:File Properties Dialog - End Time.jpg}}
+
Give a name and description for your canvas, then click {{Literal|Apply}} (don't click {{Literal|OK}} yet &mdash; we're not quite done with the Properties dialog). Go to the {{Literal|Time}} tab and make sure to edit {{Literal|End Time}}. Change "5s" to "2s" &mdash; that will make our animation 2 seconds long.
  
−
Now create a simple black rectangle that will serve as our background. It's not necessary to make it cover the whole canvas.
+
{{Note|'''Good to know''' : Synfig and time representation|Synfig Studio can display the time in various formats (Timestamp). You can configure the Timestamp in Preferences. If the endtime is not displayed in seconds then go to {{c|Edit|Preferences|Misc}} and change the Timestamp into: (HHh MMm SSs) FFf. More about the Timestamp and its settings can be found {{l|Preferences_Dialog#Time_Stamp|here}}.
 +
}}
  
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{{l|Image:synfig_tut_2.png}}
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[[File:Properties Dialog -End Time 1.0.png|center|frame|Canvas Properties Dialog]]
  
−
We now need a circle. Change the painting color to red, and draw a circle. It doesn't matter if it's not perfect: You can edit it. Activate the 'Normal' tool, and click the circle. It will go into a sort of editing mode which is easy to detect by the small green dot in the middle and the white rectangle around it. You can move the red circle by grapping it on its green dot in the middle.
+
Now click "OK", select the {{l|Rectangle Tool}} and create a simple black rectangle that will serve as our background. It's not necessary to make it cover the whole canvas.  
  
−
{{l|Image:synfig_tut_3.png}}
+
[[File:Animation Basics tutorial 2 1.0.png|450px|center|thumb]]
  
−
These are the first steps to draw an object and to move it, but not yet an animation, you may say. Indeed. Let's have a look how this works.
+
Now we need a circle. Change the fill color to red, select the {{l|Circle Tool}} and create a circle. It doesn't matter if it's not perfect: You can edit it. Select the {{l|Transform Tool}} and click the circle. It will go into an editing mode which is easy to detect by the small green dot in the middle and the white rectangle around it. You can move the circle by grabbing it on its green dot (the ''Origin'') in the middle.
 +
 
 +
[[File:Animation Basics tutorial 3 1.0.png|450px|center|thumb]]
 +
 
 +
These are the first steps to draw an object and to move it, but not an animation yet, you may say. Indeed. Let's have a look how this works.
  
 
== Adding movement ==
 
== Adding movement ==
  
−
In the beginning, you entered a value of 2 seconds in the 'Properties' dialog. Due to this, your canvas window (the one where you draw) got additional capabilities. There's a grey time slider, for instance. You can click on it, and a small orange indicator will appear but nothing changes. This is because you need to switch to 'Animate Editing Mode' first by clicking the green dot just to the right of the grey time slider. You will note that your canvas gets a red outline; it reminds you that changes to your objects now affect your animation.
+
In the beginning, you entered a value of 2 seconds in the Properties dialog. Because the length of your animation is non-zero, your canvas window (the one where you draw) has a grey time slider at the bottom, the {{l|Timebar}}. You can click on it, and a small orange indicator will appear indicating your position in time. Try clicking in several places on the time slider and notice that the entry field on the left of the time slider is changing its values to something like "12f", "1s 15f", etc. You can set your position on the time slider by changing values in that field. For example, if you enter "1s" and press {{Shortcut|enter}}, the orange indicator will move in the middle of the time slider, and entering "2s" will move it to the end of the time slider.  
  
−
{{l|Image:synfig_tut_4.png}}
+
{{Note|Note|At 2s the orange indicator won't be visible. That's because "2s" is at the far right boundary of the time slider, putting the indicator out of view.}}
  
−
Previously, three 'steps' or 'stages' were mentioned. These are represented by so-called '{{l|Keyframe|keyframes}}' (Just in case you're familiar with video encoding: No, that's not the same!). A keyframe is an image in time where something important happens with your objects.
+
You may notice that nothing changes on the canvas at this point. Return to "0s" and switch to {{l|Animate Editing Mode}} by clicking the green man button to the right of the gray time slider. The canvas will display a red outline; it reminds you that changes to your objects now affect your animation at the time shown in the time slider.
  
−
Click the keyframe tab -- this is the one with the small key in the 'Params, etc.' window -- to be able to edit keyframes. Now click the small 'plus' sign and you should get a new entry in the list displaying '0f, 0f, (JMP)'.
+
In animate editing mode, every change to your objects {{l|Category:Parameters|parameters}} creates a {{l|Waypoint|waypoint}} that associates the changes with the current time.  As you will see, Synfig can create smooth intermediate changes between waypoints, and you can even choose the way in which the intermediate changes take place. You will probably find it helpful to associate some or all of your waypoints with {{l|Keyframe|keyframes}}.
  
−
{{l|Image:params.png}}
+
[[File:Animation Basics tutorial 4 1.0.png|450px|center|thumb]]
  
−
If this didn't happen, you made something not mentioned so far. Close your file and start again.
+
Previously, three "steps" or "stages" were mentioned. These are represented by {{l|Keyframe|keyframes}}. (Just in case you're familiar with video encoding: No, it's not the same!) A keyframe is an image in time where something important happens with your objects.
  
−
If the entry appears, go to the '1s 0f' mark in the timeslider. The small orange indicator should move there. Then add another keyframe by clicking the small plus sign. Repeat the process with the time slider indicator set to '2s of'. You should have three keyframes in the list, now.
+
{{note|Default keyframe at 0f|When creating a new project, a default {{literal|keyframe}} is already set at 0f. If for any reason you do not have this default keyframe, go to the {{l|Keyframes_Panel}} &mdash; click on the little tab with the small key icon in the bottom window &mdash; to edit keyframes. Now press the small button with the "plus" sign and you should get a new entry in the list displaying {{Literal|0f, 0f, (JMP)}}. }}
 +
 
 +
[[File:Keyframes Panel 1.0.png|center|frame|Keyframes Panel and Time Track Panel]]
 +
 
 +
Now, go to the "1s" mark in the time slider. The small orange indicator should move there. Then add another keyframe by clicking the small plus sign. Repeat the process with the time slider indicator set to "2s" (it's at the end of your animation). You should now have three keyframes in the list.
 +
 
 +
[[File:Keyframes Panel 2 1.0.png|center|frame]]
  
 
== The s's and f's: Understanding the Timeline ==
 
== The s's and f's: Understanding the Timeline ==
−
By now, you may have figured out what those mysterious '1s 0f'-type marks represent.  They indicate a specific point on the timeline, expressing a location in terms of seconds (s) and frames (f).
+
By now, you may have figured out what those mysterious "1s 10f"-type marks represent.  They indicate a specific point on the timeline, expressing a location in terms of seconds (s) and frames (f).
  
−
Each second is divided into 24 frames, much like a meter on a measuring tape is divided into 100 centimeters. The frame markings begin at zero (0) and go up to 24, whereupon a new second is entered and the framecount returns to zero.
+
By default each second is divided into 24 frames, much like a meter on a measuring tape is divided into 100 centimeters. The frame markings begin at zero (0) and go up to 24, whereupon a new second is entered and the framecount returns to zero.
  
−
For example, when five whole seconds and three frames have passed, using this timeline notation would be "5s 3f."
+
For example, when five whole seconds and three frames have passed, using this timeline notation would be "5s 3f".
  
−
== The Keyframe List ==
+
== The Keyframes Panel ==
  
−
The keyframe list is rather easy to understand: It displays 'Time' which is basically the start time, 'Length' which is self-explanatory, 'Jump' which we'll cover next, and 'Description' which is, again, self-explanatory.  
+
The {{l|Keyframes Panel}} is rather easy to understand. It displays {{Literal|Time}} which is basically the start time, {{Literal|Length}} which is self-explanatory, {{Literal|Jump}} which we'll cover next, and {{Literal|Description}} which is, again, self-explanatory.  
  
−
Now, you might be wandering about the entries called '(JMP)'? In fact, these are links just like web links: Click them, and the indicator in your timeslider will jump to the correct time.
+
You might be wondering about the entries called {{Literal|(JMP)}}. In fact, these are links just like web links: click them, and the indicator in your time slider will jump to the correct time.
  
−
You can use this to edit your image for a given moment in time. For instance, you can now jump to the first second, and move the red circle to the right. There! You made your first movement; your first animation with Synfig!
+
You can use this to edit your image for a given moment in time. For instance, you can now jump to the first second "1s", and move the red circle to the right. There! You made your first movement, your first animation with Synfig!
  
−
{{l|Image:synfig_tut_5.png}}
+
[[File:Animation Basics tutorial 5 1.0.png|thumb|center|frame|Canvas Window, Keyframes Panel and Time Track Panel|450px]]
  
−
You wonder where the animation is? Just click to arbitray position on the timeslider: You will note that the red circle is in positions where you didn't move it to! What happen? Synfig figured out what you would like to do, namely move the circle, and draw all the images between these states. Each image will later make a frame in your animation; and the circle will appear to be moving.
+
Wondering where the animation is? Just click to an arbitrary position on the time slider: You will note that the red circle is in a new position, one that you didn't specify! So what happened? Synfig figured out what you would like to do, namely move the circle, and drew all the images between these states. Each image will later make a frame in your animation and the circle will appear to be moving.
  
−
== Rendering your animation ==
+
Note that you don't need to go to the last keyframe at "2s" and move your circle back to the left. Keyframes make Synfig remember the image states at particular times. That's why when we modified the circle's position at "1s", it stayed on the left at "2s" (as well as at "0s"). If you switch back to the Parameters Panel, and look at the {{l|Timetrack Panel}} you will see that three orange diamonds (or green dots depending on the default interpolation) appeared on the right of the {{Literal|Origin}} parameter. Those are called {{L|Waypoints}}, and they represent times at which object's parameters, like location or color, are instructed to take on specified new values.
  
−
Before you can see your animation, you need to process (or render) your work. There are two ways to do so; using the synfigstudio (what you have been using so far), or the command-line program synfig.
+
[[File:TimetrackOriginWaypoints 1.0.png|center|frame|Parameters Panel and Time Track Panel with green Waypoints]]
  
−
To do so, close the animate editing mode by clicking on the red dot in the timeline editing widget, and save your file; for instance under the name BasicKnightRider.sif. Then press on the > symbol in the upper left corner of the image window to open the menu, open the File menu and click on the Render item. Change the filename to BasicKnightRider.gif in the same location you saved BasicKnightRider.sif and choose "gif" target format instead of "Auto", then click Render. Depending on your processor speed it should take a few moments, but finally the image window status bar should say "File rendered successfully". The "magick++" target (if it is available) produces much better gifs than the "gif" target because it can optimise the palette for the image.
+
== Rendering your animation ==
  
−
Open BasicKnightRider.gif in Firefox or another application that is able to show animated gif's. However, Firefox will replay the GIF all the time which makes your short animation a rather long one. If you're now seeing a red circle moving from the left to the right and back: Congratulations! You just made your first animation!
+
Before you can see your animation, you need to render your work. There are two ways to do so: using the Synfig Studio (what you have been using so far) or the command-line program called "synfig".
  
−
''Note: you can also preview your animation. Press on the > symbol in the upper left corner of the image window to open the menu. There choose File->Preview.''
+
Let's try the first way. Leave the {{l|Animate Editing Mode}} by clicking on the red man icon in the timeline editing widget, and save your file; for instance under the name "BasicKnightRider.sifz". Then go to menu in the Canvas Window ({{l|Canvas Menu Caret}} button in the upper left corner) and select {{c|File|Render}} or click on the render icon. Change the filename to "BasicKnightRider.gif" in the same location where you saved "BasicKnightRider.sifz" and choose {{Literal|gif}} target format instead of {{Literal|Auto}}, then click {{Literal|Render}}. Depending on your processor speed it should take a few moments, but finally the image window status bar (located on the bottom of the window) should say "File rendered successfully".
  
−
{{l|Image:synfig_tut_6.png}}
+
[[File:Animation Basics tutorial 6 1.0.png|center|frame|The Render Icon]]
  
−
If you would rather use the command line instead of the menu to render your animation, then open a terminal (On Windows, go Start -> Run ->  type cmd<enter>), change to the directory you saved the file, and type something like
+
[[File:Animation Basics tutorial 7 1.0.png|center|frame|Render Settings]]
  
−
synfig -t gif BasicKnightRider.sif
+
{{Note|Note|The "magick++" target (if it is available) produces much better gif files than the "gif" target because it can optimize the palette for the image.}}
 +
Open BasicKnightRider.gif in Firefox or another application that is able to show animated gif's. However, Firefox will replay the GIF all the time which makes your short animation a rather long one. If you're now seeing a red circle moving from the left to the right and back, congratulations! You just made your first animation!
  
−
WARNING: The version you are using may not support the GIF output format at the moment, it depends on the version and compilation settings.
+
{{Note|Note|You can also preview your animation. Press the "caret" menu button in the upper left corner of the Canvas Window and choose {{c|File|Preview}}.}}
 +
If you would rather use the command line instead of the menu to render your animation, then open a terminal (on Windows, go to {{c|Start|Run}}, type {{Literal|cmd}} and press {{Shortcut|enter}}), change to the directory you saved the file in, and type something like this:
  
−
A few messages appear that don't matter right now. Depending on your processor speed it should take a few moments, but finally a line like
+
synfig -t gif BasicKnightRider.sifz
  
−
BasicKnightRider.sif ==> BasicKnightRider.gif: DONE
+
A few messages appear that don't matter right now. Depending on your processor speed it should take a few moments, but finally a line like this will appear:
  
−
should appear, then you are done and can view your animated gif using firefox or another program as mentioned above.
+
BasicKnightRider.sifz ==> BasicKnightRider.gif: DONE
 +
 
 +
Then you are done and can view your animated gif using Firefox or another program as mentioned above and it should look like this.
 +
[[File:rider.gif|center|frame|Rendered Animation]]
  
 
== Conclusion ==
 
== Conclusion ==
  
−
Of course, the position of an object is not the only thing you can change with Synfig Studio. Other possibilities incude its size, its outline, its color, etc. Synfig comes with several example files that should let you dig deeper into the possibilities.
+
Of course, the position of an object is not the only thing you can change with Synfig Studio. Other possibilities include its size, its outline, its color, etc. Synfig comes with several example files that should let you dig deeper into the possibilities.
 +
 
 +
Now, let's continue with the next manual chapter: {{l|Doc:Adding Layers|Adding Layers}}
 +
 
 +
  You can download the project used : [[File:BasicKnightRider.sifz]]
 +
 
 +
{{Navigation|Category:Manual|Doc:Adding Layers}}

Latest revision as of 16:31, 4 February 2016

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Navigation Navigation:  << • Manual • >>


Introduction

Creating an animation in Synfig Studio is really easy. It basically means to change a drawing — you just need to create the first stage and last stage of a change, and Synfig takes care of the steps in between.

Let's look at a simple example. Consider a moving light like the one at the front of the Knight Rider car. Drop the realism, you get a circle moving from left to right and back. In other words, you need to create three 'steps' or 'stages':

  1. The circle is on the left.
  2. The circle is on the right.
  3. The circle is back on the left.

Setting up the workspace

Let's do it. Start Synfig Studio. A new file is created at the start automatically . Click the caret menu (between the horizontal and vertical rules, in the top left hand corner of the canvas), then select "Canvas → Properties" or select "Canvas → Properties" from the menu. The Canvas Properties Dialog will appear.

Give a name and description for your canvas, then click "Apply" (don't click "OK" yet — we're not quite done with the Properties dialog). Go to the "Time" tab and make sure to edit "End Time". Change "5s" to "2s" — that will make our animation 2 seconds long.

Good to know : Synfig and time representation

Synfig Studio can display the time in various formats (Timestamp). You can configure the Timestamp in Preferences. If the endtime is not displayed in seconds then go to "Edit → Preferences → Misc" and change the Timestamp into: (HHh MMm SSs) FFf. More about the Timestamp and its settings can be found here.
note end


Canvas Properties Dialog

Now click "OK", select the Rectangle Tool and create a simple black rectangle that will serve as our background. It's not necessary to make it cover the whole canvas.

Animation Basics tutorial 2 1.0.png

Now we need a circle. Change the fill color to red, select the Circle Tool and create a circle. It doesn't matter if it's not perfect: You can edit it. Select the Transform Tool and click the circle. It will go into an editing mode which is easy to detect by the small green dot in the middle and the white rectangle around it. You can move the circle by grabbing it on its green dot (the Origin) in the middle.

Animation Basics tutorial 3 1.0.png

These are the first steps to draw an object and to move it, but not an animation yet, you may say. Indeed. Let's have a look how this works.

Adding movement

In the beginning, you entered a value of 2 seconds in the Properties dialog. Because the length of your animation is non-zero, your canvas window (the one where you draw) has a grey time slider at the bottom, the Timebar. You can click on it, and a small orange indicator will appear indicating your position in time. Try clicking in several places on the time slider and notice that the entry field on the left of the time slider is changing its values to something like "12f", "1s 15f", etc. You can set your position on the time slider by changing values in that field. For example, if you enter "1s" and press ↵ Enter, the orange indicator will move in the middle of the time slider, and entering "2s" will move it to the end of the time slider.

Note

At 2s the orange indicator won't be visible. That's because "2s" is at the far right boundary of the time slider, putting the indicator out of view.
note end


You may notice that nothing changes on the canvas at this point. Return to "0s" and switch to Animate Editing Mode by clicking the green man button to the right of the gray time slider. The canvas will display a red outline; it reminds you that changes to your objects now affect your animation at the time shown in the time slider.

In animate editing mode, every change to your objects parameters creates a waypoint that associates the changes with the current time. As you will see, Synfig can create smooth intermediate changes between waypoints, and you can even choose the way in which the intermediate changes take place. You will probably find it helpful to associate some or all of your waypoints with keyframes.

Animation Basics tutorial 4 1.0.png

Previously, three "steps" or "stages" were mentioned. These are represented by keyframes. (Just in case you're familiar with video encoding: No, it's not the same!) A keyframe is an image in time where something important happens with your objects.

Default keyframe at 0f

When creating a new project, a default "keyframe" is already set at 0f. If for any reason you do not have this default keyframe, go to the Keyframes Panel — click on the little tab with the small key icon in the bottom window — to edit keyframes. Now press the small button with the "plus" sign and you should get a new entry in the list displaying "0f, 0f, (JMP)".
note end


Keyframes Panel and Time Track Panel

Now, go to the "1s" mark in the time slider. The small orange indicator should move there. Then add another keyframe by clicking the small plus sign. Repeat the process with the time slider indicator set to "2s" (it's at the end of your animation). You should now have three keyframes in the list.

Keyframes Panel 2 1.0.png

The s's and f's: Understanding the Timeline

By now, you may have figured out what those mysterious "1s 10f"-type marks represent. They indicate a specific point on the timeline, expressing a location in terms of seconds (s) and frames (f).

By default each second is divided into 24 frames, much like a meter on a measuring tape is divided into 100 centimeters. The frame markings begin at zero (0) and go up to 24, whereupon a new second is entered and the framecount returns to zero.

For example, when five whole seconds and three frames have passed, using this timeline notation would be "5s 3f".

The Keyframes Panel

The Keyframes Panel is rather easy to understand. It displays "Time" which is basically the start time, "Length" which is self-explanatory, "Jump" which we'll cover next, and "Description" which is, again, self-explanatory.

You might be wondering about the entries called "(JMP)". In fact, these are links just like web links: click them, and the indicator in your time slider will jump to the correct time.

You can use this to edit your image for a given moment in time. For instance, you can now jump to the first second "1s", and move the red circle to the right. There! You made your first movement, your first animation with Synfig!

Canvas Window, Keyframes Panel and Time Track Panel

Wondering where the animation is? Just click to an arbitrary position on the time slider: You will note that the red circle is in a new position, one that you didn't specify! So what happened? Synfig figured out what you would like to do, namely move the circle, and drew all the images between these states. Each image will later make a frame in your animation and the circle will appear to be moving.

Note that you don't need to go to the last keyframe at "2s" and move your circle back to the left. Keyframes make Synfig remember the image states at particular times. That's why when we modified the circle's position at "1s", it stayed on the left at "2s" (as well as at "0s"). If you switch back to the Parameters Panel, and look at the Time Track Panel you will see that three orange diamonds (or green dots depending on the default interpolation) appeared on the right of the "Origin" parameter. Those are called Waypoints, and they represent times at which object's parameters, like location or color, are instructed to take on specified new values.

Parameters Panel and Time Track Panel with green Waypoints

Rendering your animation

Before you can see your animation, you need to render your work. There are two ways to do so: using the Synfig Studio (what you have been using so far) or the command-line program called "synfig".

Let's try the first way. Leave the Animate Editing Mode by clicking on the red man icon in the timeline editing widget, and save your file; for instance under the name "BasicKnightRider.sifz". Then go to menu in the Canvas Window (Canvas Menu Caret button in the upper left corner) and select "File → Render" or click on the render icon. Change the filename to "BasicKnightRider.gif" in the same location where you saved "BasicKnightRider.sifz" and choose "gif" target format instead of "Auto", then click "Render". Depending on your processor speed it should take a few moments, but finally the image window status bar (located on the bottom of the window) should say "File rendered successfully".

The Render Icon
Render Settings

Note

The "magick++" target (if it is available) produces much better gif files than the "gif" target because it can optimize the palette for the image.
note end

Open BasicKnightRider.gif in Firefox or another application that is able to show animated gif's. However, Firefox will replay the GIF all the time which makes your short animation a rather long one. If you're now seeing a red circle moving from the left to the right and back, congratulations! You just made your first animation!

Note

You can also preview your animation. Press the "caret" menu button in the upper left corner of the Canvas Window and choose "File → Preview".
note end

If you would rather use the command line instead of the menu to render your animation, then open a terminal (on Windows, go to "Start → Run", type "cmd" and press ↵ Enter), change to the directory you saved the file in, and type something like this: 

synfig -t gif BasicKnightRider.sifz

A few messages appear that don't matter right now. Depending on your processor speed it should take a few moments, but finally a line like this will appear: 

BasicKnightRider.sifz ==> BasicKnightRider.gif: DONE

Then you are done and can view your animated gif using Firefox or another program as mentioned above and it should look like this.

Rendered Animation

Conclusion

Of course, the position of an object is not the only thing you can change with Synfig Studio. Other possibilities include its size, its outline, its color, etc. Synfig comes with several example files that should let you dig deeper into the possibilities.

Now, let's continue with the next manual chapter: Adding Layers 

 You can download the project used : File:BasicKnightRider.sifz
Navigation Navigation:  << • Manual • >>


Languages Language: 

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